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A joke about Georgians who cannot
sing a song without making it polyphonic
- Guys, as we have said, we are
going to have a guest, the French ambassador, please
sing this song without its Gurianization (Guria - a
region in Georgia)
- We will try, but we cannot promise :) |
Georgian songs, Nino Katamadze |
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Consonantal
adjective in the attributive position
When a
consonantal adjective and a noun are inflected
together, both adjective and
noun take case markers in the nominative, ergative and
vocative cases:
დიდ-ი სახლ-ი (nominative) დიდ-მა სახლ-მა (ergative) დიდ-ო სახლ-ო (vocative) In all other cases the rule is that If the
consonantal adjective is followed by a noun taking an
i-vowel
initial suffix, the adjective also takes the suffix -i:
დიდ-ი სახლ-ის didi saxl-is a
big house-genitive
დიდ-ი სახლ-იდან did-i saxl-idan a big house-from დიდ-ი სახლ-ისკენ did-i saxl-isk'en to a big house... If the consonantal adjective is followed by a noun without an i-vowel initial suffix, the adjective does not take any suffix: დიდ სახლ-ს did saxl-s a big house-Dative
დიდ სახლ-ში did saxl-shi a big house-in დიდ სახლ-თან did saxl-tan by a big house დიდ სახლ-ამდე did saxl-amde to a big house E.g.
ეს დიდი სახლია. |
Vocalic
adjective in the attributive position
When an adjective ending in the vowels -a, -e, -o or -u and a noun are inflected together, the adjective does not change its form; e.g. მwვანე მინდორ-ი mc'vane mindori A green field
The initial vowel -i of the suffixes -is and -idan is dropped after the roots ending with the vowel -o or -u (comp. saxl-is, but: c'q'aro-s/i/). Vowel-ended adjectives remain without change even when the noun takes postpositions, e.g. ღრმა წყალი ghrma c'q'ali deep water ღრმა წყალში ghrma c'q'alshi in the deep water (ღრმა ghrma - the stem is ghrma and it ends in the vowel -a) Cf. ცივი წყალი civi c'q'ali cold water ცივ წყალში civ c'q'alshi in the cold water (ცივი civi - the stem is civ-, it ends in a consonant and dropps the nominative marker -i when it is inflected together with the noun taking the postposition -shi). ნინო ღრმა წყალში ცურავს Nino ghrma c'q'alshi curavs - Nino is swimming in the deep water. ნინო ცივ წყალში ცურავს Nino civ c'q'alshi curavs - Nino is swimming in the cold water. More about prepositional attributes |
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Learn how to say: Niko is
taller than Nino
(Niko - a name of a man, Nino - a name of a woman) უფრო
- ვიდრე upro - vidre
"more - than", e. g.:
Niko is taller than Nino
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Learn how to say: Niko is tallest
The
superlative degree expresses the highest degree
of a property, e. g.: უდიდესი
udidesi the biggest.The superlative degree is formed by adding the prefix u- u- and the suffix -es -es to the stem: დიდი didi big - უდიდესი udidesi the biggest ლამაზი lamazi beatiful - ულამაზესი ulamazesi the most beautiful However, this degree is usually expressed by means of adding the word ყველაზე q'velaze (more than any):
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This is a list of
some adjectives.
You don't have to memorize this list, but try to learn some of these words :
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We have already mentioned in Lecture 5 that the suffix -ad has approximately the same function in Georgian as the suffix -ly in English. It can form adverbs from adjectives:
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Learn about the difference: ქართველი kartveli - Georgian person
ქართული kartuli - Georgian language It would be interesting to touch upon adjectives expressing the origin of a person or a thing. The suffixes -ელ -el and -ურ -ur (/-ულ -ul) produce the adjectives of origin as follows: -el is used if an adjective refers to human beings (group who), and the suffix -ur is used for adjectives referring to everything else (except human beings), including both animate and inanimate objects (group what): ბოლნისელი ექიმი Bolnis-el-i
ekimi a doctor from Bolnisi
Other
examples:ბოლნისური პური Bolnis-ur-i p'uri bread from Bolnisi ბოლნისური ქათამი Bolnis-ur-i katami a hen from Bolnisi
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Text
Click
here to
read the translation and comments.
Georgian folk
song:
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Non mandatory course material
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