More information:
The main characteristic formal features
Different variants with the different meaning
Participle used to form screeves

For information on masdars click here.

In the previous part one non-finite form the masdar (infinitive) was touched upon.
In this part the other non-finite form of the verb, the participle, will be described.

Like the masdar, the participle is also a declined word formed from the stem of a finite verb form, but while the masdar is a verbal noun, the participle is a verbal adjective.

Syntactic functions of participles

Masdars have the same functions as nouns in the sentence (as a subject, direct object, indirect object, etc.).

The participle is a verbal adjective and often has the same functions as adjectives. These functions are to express:
 

An attribute:

A nominal part (predicative) of a compound predicate:

An adverbial modifier of purpose:

Certain participles are nominalised and used as nouns. This is a quite productive way of word building in Georgian (e. g. მატარებელი mat'arebeli train, მაცივარე macivari refrigerator etc. see below).

The syntactic functions of participles as adjectives:

Participle as an attribute:

გატეხილი ჭიქა
broken glass

Participle as a nominal part of a compound predicate

ჭიქა გატეხილია (< ჭიქა გატეხილი არის).
ch'ika gat'exilia (< gat'exili aris).
The glass is broken.

Participles may be used as adverbial modifiers of purpose:
Some examples:
მე მოვედი თქვენს დასახმარებლად.  
me movedi tkvens dasaxmareblad
I have come to help you.

მე შევედი სამზარეულოში სადილის მოსამზადებლად.  
me shevedi samzareuloshi sadilis mosamzadeblad
I have have entered the kitchen to prepare dinner.

More information
Non-finite complements
(Types of sentences, Types of subordinate clauses)

• Subject participle
• Object participle past tense
• Object participle future tense
• Negative participle

Participles may be related to either the subject or the object of the action:

• the one who is doing (subject)

• something that has been done (object)

E. g. the finite form of the verb xatavs xat'avs (s/he is painting) has a subject and an object.

Subject	Finite verb (verb-predicate)	Object
ნინო	ხატავს	ყვავილს
Nino-ø	xat'-av-s	q'vavil-s
Nino-Nominative	paint-Them.suff.-3Subj. (Present)	flower-Dative
Nino	is painting	a flower

Four main forms of the participle may be formed from the finite form of the verb ხატავს xat'avs (is painting):

1. დამხატველი da-m-xat'-v-el-i, a so-called subject participle: The one who has painted/who will paint/who is able to paint.

2. დახატული da-xat'-ul-i, a so-called object participle, past tense (something that has been painted)
3. დასახატი da-sa-xat'-i, a so-called object participle, future tense (something that is going to be painted / that is to be painted)

4. დაუხატავი da-u-xat'-av-i - negative  participle (something that has not been painted // is not going to be painted).

1. Subject participle

ნინო	არის	და-მ-ხატ-ვ-ელ-ი
Nino-ø	ari-s	da-m-xat'-v-el-i
Nino-Nominative	be-3Subj. (Present)	Preverb-Participle prefix-paint-Reduced them.suff.-Participle suffix-Nominative
Nino	is	who has painted

2. Object participle, past tense

ყვავილი	არის	და-ხატ-ულ-ი
q'vavil-i	ari-s	da-xat'-ul-i
flower-Nominative	be-3Subj. (Present)	Preverb-paint-Participle suffix-Nominative
flower	is (//has been)	painted

3. Object participle, future tense

ყვავილი	არის	და-სა-ხატ-ი
q'vavil-i	ari-s	da-sa-xat'-i
flower-Nominative	be-3Subj. (Present)	Preverb-Participle prefix-paint-Nominative
flower	is (//is going)	to be painted

4. Negative participle

ყვავილი	არის	და-უ-ხატ-ავ-ი
q'vavil-i	ari-s	da-u-xat'-av-i
flower-Nominative	be-3Subj. (Present)	Preverb-Negation prefix-paint-Them.suff.-Nominative
flower	is (//is going)	not painted