The main characteristic formal features of the participles are:

Subject participles:
The prefix მ- m- (in some forms მა- ma-, მო- mo-) (together with different suffixes).

Object participle, future tense:
The prefix სა-sa- (together with different suffixes).

Object participle, past tense:

1. No special prefix for participle and the suffix -ულ -ul or -ილ -il
    (და-ø-ხატ-ულ-ი da-ø-xat'-ul-i
    გა-ø-ტეხ-ილ-ი ga-ø-t'ex-il-i)
2. The prefix ნა- na-  (together with different suffixes)

The prefix უ- u- (together with different suffixes).

Subject participles:
The prefix მ- m- (in some forms ma-ma-mo- mo-) (together with different suffixes).

 

ხატ-ავ-ს xat'-av-s s/he is painting	და-მ-ხატ-ვ-ელ-ი da-m-xat'v-el-i one who has painted
ხატ-ავ-ს xat'-av-s s/he is painting	მ-ხატ-ვ-არ-ი m-xat'-v-ar-i painter
წერ-ს c'er-s s/he is writing	მ-წერ-ალ-ი* m-c'er-al-i* writer
დუღ-ს dugh-s it is boiling	მ-დუღ-არ-ე m-dugh-ar-e something that is boiling
ა-კეთ-ებ-ს a-k'et-eb-s s/he is doing	გა-მ-კეთ-ებ-ელ-ი ga-m-k'et-eb-el-i One who has done/will do/is able to do
ა-სწავლ-ი-ს a-sc'avl-i-s s/he is teaching	მა-სწავლ-ებ-ელ-ი ma-sc'avl-eb-el-i teacher
ლაპარაკ-ობ-ს lap'arak'-ob-s s/he is talking	მო-ლაპარაკ-ე mo-lap'arak'-e talking

*When the consonant -რ- -r-  is present in the root dissimilation occurs:
წერ-ს c'er-s he is writing > მ-წერ-ალ-ი (< *მ-წერ-არ-ი) m-c'er-ali (< *m-c'er-ar-i) -  writer

 

ხატ-ავ-ს xat'-av-s s/he is painting	და-სა-ხატ-ი da-sa-xat'-i something that will be painted
ხატ-ავ-ს xat'-av-s s/he is painting	და-სა-ხატ-ავ-ი da-sa-xat'-av-i something that will be painted
წერ-ს c'er-s s/he is writing	და-სა-წერ-ი da-sa-c'er-i something that will be written
დუღ-ს dugh-s it is boiling	ა-სა-დუღ-ებ-ელ-ი a-sa-dugh-eb-el-i something that will be boiling
ა-კეთ-ებ-ს a-k'et-eb-s s/he is doing	გა-სა-კეთ-ებ-ელ-ი ga-sa-k'et-eb-el-i something that will be done

1. No special prefix for the participle and the suffix -ულ -ul or -ილ -il
    და-ø-ხატ-ულ-ი da-ø-xat'-ul-i painted
    გა-ø-ტეხ-ილ-ი ga-ø-t'ex-il-i broken)
2. The prefix ნა -na- (together with the different suffixes)
3. The prefix მ- m- and the suffix -არ -ar  with one group of the verbs (so-called passive voice verbs without any marker, markerless passive)

   

ხატ-ავ-ს xat'-av-s s/he is painting	და-ხატ-ულ-ი da-xat'-ul-i something that has been painted
ხატ-ავ-ს xat'-av-s s/he is painting	ნა-ხატ-ი na-xat'-i a painting (a picture)
წერ-ს c'er-s s/he is writing	და-წერ-ილ-ი da-c'er-il-i something that has been written
ა-კეთ-ებ-ს a-k'et-eb-s s/he is doing	გა-კეთ-ებ-ულ-ი ga-k'et-eb-ul-i something that has been done
დუღ-ს dugh-s it is boiling	ნა-დუღ-არ-ი na-dugh-ar-i boiling
თბებ-ა tbeb-a s/he/it is warming him/her/itself	გა-მ-თბ-არ-ი* ga-m-tb-ar-i* snb or smth that is warmed
ა-თბ-ობ-ს a-tb-ob-s s/he/it is warming something	გა-მ-თბ-არ-ი* ga-m-tb-ar-i* something is warmed

* The forms of the subject participle and object participle coincide with one another when they are formed from the one certain type of the passive verbs (in particular, from the so-called passive voice verbs, having no marker). Read more about these verbs here

The prefix ma- ma- is present in some other forms too:
 

მა-სწავლ-ებ-ელ-ი

ma-sc'avl-eb-el-i

Participle prefix-teach-Thematic suffix-Participle suffix-Nominative

teacher

 

მა-ტარ-ებე-ლ-ი

ma-t'ar-eb-el-i

Participle prefix-carry-Thematic suffix-Participle suffix-Nominativ

train

 

მა-ცივ-არ-ი

ma-civ-ar-i

Participle prefix-cold-Participle suffix-Nominative

refrigerator

1. ხატ-ავ-ს xat'-av-s s/he is painting
და-მ-ხატ-ვ-ელ-ი da-m-xat'-v-el-i - so called subject participle: One who has painted/who will paint/who is able to paint.
  მ-ხატ-ვ-არ-ი m-xat'-v-ar-i painter
(The last form mxatvari mxat'vari has become the name of a profession: painter)

2. წერს c'er-ss/he is writing
და-მ-წერ-ი da-m-c'er-i One who has written/who will write/who is able to write.
მ-წერ-ალ-ი m-c'er-al-i writer

3.აშენებს a-shen-eb-s he is building >
ა-მ-შენ-ებ-ელ-ი m-shen-eb-el-i - One who has built/who will build/who is able to build.
მ-შენ-ებ-ელ-ი m-shen-eb-el-i - builder

4. ხატ-ავ-ს xat'-av-s s/he is painting
და-ხატ-ულ-ი da-xat'-ul-i -  something that has been painted
ნა-ხატ-ი na-xat'-i a painting picture)

5. ხატ-ავ-ს xat'-av-s s/he is painting
და-სა-ხატ-ი da-sa-xat'-i something that will be painted
სა-ხატ-ავ-ი  sa-xat'-av-i something to paint with or paint in (e. g. saxatavi rveuli saxat'avi rveuli drawing-book)

The forms of the participle are used to form screeves of the third series for the so-called passive voice verbs (these are verbs having one shared formal feature: the ending -eb-a in the third subject person singular in the present tense). Such verbs do not undergo any inversion in the third series and use the participle forms, e. g.

Present:
მე ვ-თბ-ებ-ი me v-tb-eb-i - I am warming myself

Perfect tense:

მე გა-ვ-მთბარ-ვარ	me ga-v-mtbar-var	Apparently I have warmed myself
შენ გა-მთბარ-ხარ	shen ga-mtbar-xar	Apparently you have warmed yourself
ის გა-მთბარ-ა	is ga-mtbar-a	Apparently s/he has warmed him-/herself

More information:
Grammatical tables, Table 7 (zrda)