Such important verbs as I have, I want, I love, I like, I hate, I am hungry, etc. will be touched upon in this lesson. When we have learned this group and its characteristic features, the major difficulty of the Georgian verb, and perhaps of the whole Georgian grammar, will have basically been overcome.

The shared feature of these verbs in Georgian is that the subject person is presented as an experiencer, receiver or owner of the result, and not as an acting, active subject.

Thus, the Georgian verb indicates how active the subject role is in the action or state described by the verb, whether this action (or state) depends on the will of the subject or whether the subject is just a passive experiencer, receiving or perceiving the action or state.

Two main groups of Georgian verbs can be distinguished:

1. Direct verbs
2. Inversive (indirect) verbs, these are the verbs expressing emotions and possession:
 

Direct verbs Subject is an acting (or presented as an acting) agent and has the v-series marker in the verb	Inversive verbs Subject is the experiencer or possessor and has the m-series marker in the verb
v-ar v-ar I am v-akeTeb v-ak'eteb I am doing v-wer v-c'er I am writing v-Tbebi v-tbebi I am warming myself v-imalebi v-imalebi I am hiding myself v-icini v-icini I am laughing v-mReri v-mgheri I am singing v-elodebi v-elodebi I am waiting	m-aqvs m-akvs I have m-iyvars m-iq'var-s I love m-iweria m-ic'eria I have it written m-Tbila m-tbila I am warm m-eSinia m-eshinia I am afraid m-ecineba m-ecineba I want to laugh m-qvia m-kvia My name is m-inda m-inda I want

etc.

Direct and inversive verbs
When the logical subject is acting on its (his/her/its) decision, or when the action therefore is governed by the will of the subject, its marker in the verb is a so-called subject marker (a v-series marker), and the verb is the direct verb:
 

Other examples of verbs having a "willing" subject (here we present only the first subject person form):

However, when the verb expresses an action or state that has happened or that is going on independently of the subject's will, the subject is not an acting subject, but an experiencing subject. Its marker in the verb is the so-called object person marker (the m-series marker) and such verbs are called inversive (indirect) verbs:

Note: the m- series markers are object markers by origin even in these verbs, but the original object, marked by the object marker in the verb, is often a human being and gets re-interpreted as a subject: subject experiencer/subject possessor even though it retains its original object marker in the verb.
Almost all stative verbs (verbs that require auxiliary verbs along with the marker v- in the present tense, e.g. vuyvarvar s/he loves me, vgonivar s/he believes me to be..., etc.) are inversive verbs.

Inversive (Indirect) verbs

One more characteristic feature of such verbs is that the logical subject is in the dative. Thus, it is case marked as an object, it has an object marker in the verb, but nowadays it is understood as a subject. The reason for such an exchange of functions between the object and the subject may be that fact that the experiencing subject (original indirect object) is almost always a human being and, at the same time, the verb is stative:

This is not a unique phenomenon of Georgian. Typologically the same situation is attested in Indo-European languages too, e. g. in Russian:
 

mne	nravitsja	on
I.Dative	like	he.Nominative

I like him
 
 

u	menja	jest	kniga
Preposition	I.Genitive	have	book.Nominative

I have a book

The translation into English is often presented with such phrases as: I am in love, I am hungry, I am afraid, etc.

The form of the first and second subject person presented by the first and second person pronouns do not change for case in Georgian.
Only the third person pronoun changes: is wers is c'ers, but: mas aqvs mas akvs.

Compare:

me vwer werils	me vc'er c'erils	I am writing a letter
Sen wer werils	shen c'er c'erils	You are writing a letter
is wers werils	is c'ers c'erils	S/he is writing a letter
kaci wers werils	k'aci c'ers c'erils	A man is writing a letter

me maqvs werili	me makvs c'erili	I have a letter
Sen gaqvs werili	shen gakvs c'erili	You have a letter
mas aqvs werili	mas akvs c'erili	S/he has a letter
kacs aqvs werili	k'acs akvs c'erili	A man has a letter

The first and the second person pronouns "compensate" for the lack of different case forms by having the person markers in the verbs: the m-series person marker signals the dative case (even if the form is the same me me, Sen shen) and the v-series person marker signals the nominative case.

me myavs megobari me mq'avs megobari I have a friend. Sen gyavs megobari shen gq'avs megobari You have a friend. mas hyavs megobari mas hq'avs megobari He has a friend. ninos hyavs megobari Ninos hq'avs megobari Nino has a friend.

Of course, the terms "lack" and "compensation" are just relative.
With the same success it is possible to say that lack of the person markers in English is compensated for by having the object case of the pronouns (he likes him) or by the word worder (Tom likes coffee).

Conjugation of the verbs myavs mq'avs (I have) and maqvs makvs (I have) in the present

More information
Some indirect verbs (My name is, I love...)
More detailed information on inversion
Main morphological types