Spelling
of ordinal numerals
Fractions
Declension
of numerals
Numerals
in attributive function in Old Georgian
If
an ordinal numeral is formed by prefixing me-
me-
to the beginning of the stem, when writing it with a cipher, it is
spelled
like this: me-cipher,
me-cipher;
e. g.:
mesamoceme-samoc-e
(sixtieth) may be spelled like this: me-60.
If an ordinal numeral is formed by affixing me- me- to the last component of the stem, when writing it with a cipher, it is spelled like this: cipher-e cipher-e; e. g.:
samocda-me-aT-e samocda-me-at-e (seventieth) may be spelled like this: 70-e.
Fractions denote the part of somthing, e. g.:
1/3 _
erTi mesamedi (erti
me-sam-e-d-i)
1/4 _ erTi
meoTxedi (erti me-otx-e-d-i)
3/10 _ sami
meaTedi (sami
me-at-e-d-i)
etc.
Fractions are
derived
from the adverbial case of ordinal numerals:
|
|
|
|
|
| sam-i | me-sam-e | me-sam-e-d | me-sam-e-d-i |
| sam-i | me-sam-e | me-sam-e-d | me-sam-e-d-i |
| three-Nom. | third.Nom | third-Adverbial | one third-Nom. |
In Old Georgian, an ordinal numeral followed by the word nawili (part) can express a fraction thus: me-xuT-e nawili (one-fifth part).
There is another
way
to produce fractions from some simple cardinal numerals in Old Georgian
and in some dialects of Modern Georgian, but these are very rare forms:
|
|
|
| sam-i sam-i three |
na-sam-al-i
na-sam-al-i one-third |
| oTx-i otx-i four |
na-oTx-al-i
na-otx-al-i one-fourth |
| xuT-i xut-i five |
na-xuT-al-i
na-xut-al-i one-fifth |
Fractions formed from cardinal numerals by adding the suffix -eul- eul (usually, modified by the attribute noun in Genitive) are proved in Old Georgian: aT-eul ifql-isa at-eul ipkl-isa (one-tenth of wheat)
Numerals are declined similarly to nouns.
Cardinal numerals usually have no vocative case nor any plural form in modern Georgian (Table 1).
Table 1
| Nominative | sam-i | sam-i |
| Ergative | sam-ma | sam-ma |
| Dative | sam-s(a) | sam-s(a) |
| Genitive | sam-is(a) | sam-is(a) |
| Instrumental | sam-iT(a) | sam-it(a) |
| Adverbial | sam-ad | sam-ad |
The plurals of cardinal numerals formed by -n -n / -T -t suffixes are attested in Old Georgian and in the modern mountaineer dialects (Table 2).
Table 2
| Nominative | sam-n-i | sam-n-i |
| Ergative | sam-T(a) | sam-t(a) |
| Dative | sam-T(a) | sam-t(a) |
| Genitive | sam-T(a) | sam-t(a) |
| Instrumental | sam-T(a) | sam-t(a) |
| Adverbial | sam-T(a) | sam-t(a) |
Only two cardinal numerals -- "8" rva rva and "9" cxra cxra -- are ended by vowels. They are clippable (Table 3).
Table 3
| Nominative | rva-ø | rva-ø |
| Ergative | rva-m | rva-m |
| Dative | rva-s(a) | rva-s(a) |
| Genitive | rv-is(a) | rv-is(a) |
| Instrumental | rv-iT(a) | rv-it(a) |
| Adverbial | rva-d | rva-d |
Only the last word is declined in the composite numerals (Table 4).
| Nominative | aTas cxraas ormocdaSvid-i | atas cxraas ormocdashvid-i |
| Ergative | aTas cxraas ormocdaSvid-ma | atas cxraas ormocdashvid-ma |
| Dative | aTas cxraas ormocdaSvid-s(a) | atas cxraas ormocdashvid-s(a) |
| Genitive | aTas cxraas ormocdaSvid-is(a) | atas cxraas ormocdashvid-is(a) |
| Instrumental | aTas cxraas ormocdaSvid-iT(a) | atas cxraas ormocdashvid-it(a) |
| Adverbial | aTas cxraas ormocdaSvid-ad | atas cxraas ormocdashvid-ad |
Ordinal numerals and fractions have all seven cases. All ordinal numerals are clippable in the singular (Table 5).
Table 5
| Nominative | meaTe-ø | meaTe-eb-i |
| Ergative | meaTe-m | meaTe-eb-ma |
| Dative | meaTe-s(a) | meaTe-eb-s(a) |
| Genitive | meaT-is(a) | meaTe-eb-is(a) |
| Instrumental | meaT-iT(a) | meaTe-eb-iT(a) |
| Adverbial | meaTe-d | meaTe-eb-ad |
| Vocative | meaTe-v | meaTe-eb-o |
Transliteration
| Nominative | meate-ø | meate-eb-i |
| Ergative | meate-m | meate-eb-ma |
| Dative | meate-s(a) | meate-eb-s(a) |
| Genitive | meat-is(a) | meate-eb-is(a) |
| Instrumental | meat-it(a) | meate-eb-it(a) |
| Adverbial | meate-d | meate-eb-ad |
| Vocative | meate-v | meate-eb-o |
Numerals as
attributes
When the numeral is
used as an attribute, the noun is used in singular: ori
Zma ori dzma "two
brothers";
xuTi cxeni xuti cxeni "five
horses".
Numerals as attributes are declined like adjectives as attributes:
Two friends
| Nominative | or-i megobar-i | or-i megobar-i |
| Ergative | or-ma megobar-ma | or-ma megobar-ma |
| Dative | or-ø megobar-s | or-ø megobar-s |
| Genitive | or-i megobr-is | or-i megobr-is |
| Instrumental | or-i megobr-iT | or-i megobr-it |
| Adverbial | or-ø megobr-ad | or-ø megobr-ad |
Eight friends
| Nominative | rva-ø megobar-i | rva-ø megobar-i |
| Ergative | rva-ø megobar-ma | rva-ø megobar-ma |
| Dative | rva-ø megobar-s | rva-ø megobar-s |
| Genitive | rva-ø megobr-is | rva-ø megobr-is |
| Instrumental | rva-ø megobr-iT | rva-ø megobr-it |
| Adverbial | rva-ø megobr-ad | rva-ø megobr-ad |
Numerals
in attributive function in Old Georgian
In Old Georgian,
when
-n
-n /-T
-t suffixes were used for plural, both the numeral and the noun were
inflected
as plural:
| Nominative | or-n-i megobar-n-i | or-n-i megobar-n-i |
| Ergative | or-T-a megobar-T-a | or-t-a megobar-t-a |
| Dative | or-T-a megobar-T-a | or-t-a megobar-t-a |
| Genitive | or-T-a megobar-T-a | or-t-a megobar-t-a |
| Instrumental | or-T-a megobar-T-a | or-t-a megobar-t-a |
| Adverbial | or-T-a megobar-T-a | or-t-a megobar-t-a |