Pattern A
Pattern of passive voice (direct verbs) emaleba emaleba (it) is hiding itdelf (from smb.)
  Subject (non-experiencer, non-active subject) Indirect object
The I series
v-e-mal-eb-i
v-e-mal-eb-i
(I) am hiding myself (from smb.)

e-mal-eb-a
e-mal-eb-a
(it) is hiding itself (from smb.)

Person markers in the verb:
no inversion:
subject person is marked by the subject person markers, object person is marked by the object person markers.

Nominative
me
me
I

bavSv-i
bavshv-i
child-Nominative

Dative
deda-s
deda-s
mother-Dative

deda-s
deda-s
mother-Dative

The II series
da-v-e-mal-e
da-v-e-mal-e
(I) hid myself (from smb.)

da-e-mal-a
da-e-mal-a
(it) hid itself (from smb.)

Person markers in the verb:
no inversion 

Nominative
me
me
I

bavSv-i
bavshv-i
child-Nominative
 

Dative
deda-s
deda-s
mother-Dative

deda-s
deda-s
mother-Dative

The III series
da-v-malv-i-var
da-v-malvi-var
(Apparently) I have hidden myself (from smb.)

da-h-malv-i-a
da-h-malv-i-a
(Apparently it has hidden itself (from smb.)

Person markers in the verb: 
no inversion

Nominative
me
me
I
 

bavSv-i
bavshv-i
child-Nominative

Dative
deda-s
deda-s
mother-Dative
 

deda-s
deda-s
mother-Dative

 


 

Pattern B

Pattern of active voice (direct verbs): uSenebs ushenebs (he) is building (smth. for smb.)
Subject (active subject)
Direct object
Indirect object
The I series
v-uSeneb
v-usheneb
I am bulilding (smth. for smb.)

u-Sen-eb-s
u-shen-eb-s
He is building (smth. for smb.)

Person markers in the verb: no inversion: subject person is marked by the subject person markers, object person is marked by the object person markers.

Nominative
me
me
I
 

kac-i
k'ac-i
man-Nominative

Dative 
saxl-s
saxl-s
house-Dative
 

saxl-s
saxl-s
house-Dative

Dative 
megobar-s
megobar-s
friend-Dative
 

megobar-s
megobar-s
friend-Dative

The II series 
a-v-uSene
a-v-u-shene
I (has) built (smth. for smb.)

a-u-Sen-a
a-u-shen-a
he (has) built (smth. for smb.)

Person markers in the verb: no inversion

Ergative
me
me
I

kac-ma
k'ac-ma
man-Ergative

Nominative 
saxl-i
saxl-i
house-Nominative

saxl-i
saxl-i
house-Nominative

Dative 
megobar-s
megobar-s
friend-Dative

megobar-s
megobar-s
friend-Dative

The III series
a-m-i-Senebia
a-m-i-sheneb-ia
Apparently I (has) built (smth. for smb.)

auSenebia
,a-u-shen-eb-ia Apparently he (has) built (smth. for smb.)

Person markers in the verb:  inversion: subject person is marked by the object person marker, object person is marked by the subject person marker.

Dative
me
me
I
 

kac-s
k'ac-s

Nominative
saxl-i
saxl-i
house-Nominative
 

saxl-i
saxl-i
house-Nominative

(Genitive+the posposition)
megobr-is-Tvis
megobr-is-tvis
friend-Genitive-for
 

megobr-is-Tvis
megobr-is-tvis
friend-Genitive-for

So called simple complement marked by Genitive (with the postposition -Tvis -tvis) occurs instead of the indirect object
 


 

Pattern C

Inversive verbs (Inversive pattern of direct verbs miyvars miq'vars I love him/her
Borrowed forms are marked with asterics)
  Subject (experiencer,
non-active subject)
Indirect object
The I series
m-i-yvar-s
m-i-q'vars
I love smb.

u-yvars
u-q'var-s
he loves smb.

Person markers in the verb: 
 inversion

Dative
me
me
I

daTo-s
dato-s
Dato-Dative

Nominative 
nino-0
nino-0
Nino-Nominative

nino-0
nino-0
Nino-Nominative
 

The II series
*Semiyvarda
shemiq'var-d-a
I fell in love with smb.

Se-u-yvar-d-a
she-u-q'var-d-a
S/he fell in love with smb.

Person markers in the verb:
 inversion

Dative
me
me
I

daTo-s
dato-s
Dato-Dative

Nominative 
nino-0
nino-0
Nino-Nominative

nino-0
nino-0
Nino-Nominative

The III series
*Se-m-yvar-eb-ia
she-m-q'var-eb-ia
Apparently I fell in love with smb.

*Se-h-yvar-eb-ia
she-h-q'var-eb-ia
Apparently he fell in love with smb.

Person markers in the verb:
inversion 

Dative
me
me
I

daTo-s
dato-s
Dato-Dative

Nominative 
nino-0
nino-0
Nino-Nominative

nino-0
nino-0
Nino-Nominative