The meaning of verb forms by screeves

These tables show the meaning of verb forms by screeves. The meaning of each form and the rules of their distribution in sentences will be discussed more particularly in the chapters about clouses.

Forms of the verb v-xat-av "I paint" and their translation

The first series

*Group 1*
Present	v-xat-av	v-xat'-av	I am painting; I paint
Imperfect	v-xat-av-d-i	v-xat'-av-d-i	I was painting; I used to paint (aspect is not completed)
Subjunctive Present	v-xat-av-d-e	v-xat'-av-d-e	1. (Condition in the present) together with the conjunction romrom (that): rom vxatavde rom vxat'avde If I painted (in the present): axla rom vxatavde, kargi iqneboda If I painted now, if I were painting now, it would be good. 2. (Obligation in the present) together with the modal word unda unda: axla unda vxatavde axla unda vxat'avde I would paint now, I would be painting now. 3. (Wish in the present) together with the word netavi net'avi (if, I wish): netavi vxatavde net'avi vxat'avde I wish that I painted (in the present).

*Group 2*
Future	da-v-xat-av	da-v-xat'-av	I shall paint
Conditional	da-v-xat-av-d-i	da-v-xat'-av-d-i	1. Together with the modal word xolme xolme (expressing the repetition of the action) or without this modal word: davxatavdi xolme // davxatavdi. davxat'avdi xolme // davxat'avdi. I used to paint (The indicative mood) 2. (Expected result in the past in case of the certain conditions in the past) with the conjunction rom rom (that, if): fanqari rom mqonoda, davxatavdi. pankari rom mkonoda, davxat'avdi. If I had had a pen, I would have painted. 3. (Expected result in the future in case of the certain conditions in the present) with the conjunction rom rom (that, if): fanqari rom mqondes, davxatavdi. pankari rom mkondes, davxat'avdi. If I had a pen, I would paint.
Subjunctive future	da-v-xat-av-d-e	da-v-xat'-av-d-e	1. (Condition in the future) together with the conjunction romrom (that, if): rom davxatavde rom davxat'avde If I painted (in the future) xval rom davxatavde, kargi iqneboda. xval rom davxat'avde, k'argi ikneboda. If I painted this tomorrow, it would be good 2. (Wish in the future) together with the word netavi net'avi (if, I wish): netavi davxatavde net'avi davxat'avde I wish that I could paint (in the future).

The second series

Aorist da-v-xat-e da-v-xat'-e I have painted; I painted; paint it!
es ukve davxate
es uk've davxat'e
I have already painted this.

es guSin davxate
es gushin davxat'e
I painted this yesterday.

The second person form of the aorist is used to express a command or a request (the imperative mood):
es daxate es daxat'e Paint this!

Optative da-v-xat-o da-v-xat'-o 1. (Obligation in the future) together with the modal
word unda unda: unda davxato unda davxat'o:
I must paint, I have to paint.
2. (Condition in the future) together with the conjunction
rom rom (that, if): rom davxato rom davxat'o If I were to paint (in the future):
xval rom es davxato, kargi iqneba.
xval rom es davxat'o, k'argi ikneba.
If I painted this tomorrow, it would be good.

3. (Goal / aim /purpose that demands certain conditions in order to be fulfilled):
es rom davxato, fanqari mWirdeba.
es rom davxat'o, pankari mch'irdeba
In order to paint this, I need a pen.

4. (Wish in the future) together with the word netavi net'avi (if, I wish): netavi davxato net'avi davxat'o I wish that I could paint (in the future)

The third series

Perfect (Present resultative)

da-m-i-xat-ia

da-m-i-xat'-ia

(Result in the present) It turns out that I have painted. Apparently I have painted.

Pluperfect (Past resultative)

da-m-e-xat-a

da-m-e-xat'-a

1. (Result in the past) It turned out that I had painted.
is rom movida, me ukve damexata is rom movida, me uk've damexat'a When he came I had already painted.

2. (Condition in the past) together with the conjunction rom rom (that, if) If I had painted:
rom damexata, kargi iqneboda rom damexat'a, k'argi ikneboda If I had painted it would have been good.

3. (Obligation in the past) together with the modal word unda unda I had to paint:
unda damexata unda damexat'a I had to paint.

4. (Wish in the past) together with the word netavi net'avi (if, I wish): netavi damexata net'avi damexat'a I wish that I had painted

Subjunctive 3 (Subjunctive Perfect)

da-m-e-xat-o-s

da-m-e-xat'-o-s

(I wish that) I should paint.