The number of persons
combinations
in two-valence verb (he paints it)
The number of persons
combinations
in three-valence verb (he sends it to him/her)
For a verb with only one person (subject), e. g. izrdeba izrdeba (he/she/it is growing), six forms are found in every "row" or screeve (tense/aspect/mood form): three in the singular and three in the plural:
Singular
vizrdebi vizrdebi
izrdebi izrdebi
izrdeba izrdeba
Plural
vizrdebiT vizrdebit
izrdebiT izrdebit
izrdebian izrdebian
For a verb like xatavs xat'avs (he/she is painting smth.), where two persons are involved (subject and direct object: a two-valence verb), 28 combinations of subject and object persons are possible within every screeve (tense/aspect/mood form). However, some forms among these 28 coincide with one another and are marked with an asterisk in the Table 1 showing the number of person combinations in two-valence verbs. Only one form among the same forms is written without an asterisk. The markers of subject persons are written in bold style, the markers of object persons in bold italic underlined.
The number of combinations also remains 28 within every screeve (tense/mood form) also for a three-valence verb in which three persons are involved (subject, direct object and indirect object), e. g.:
ugzavnis
ugzavnis
(he/she is sending smth. to smb.
Here he is the subject; something, e. g. a letter is a direct object; and to somebody, e. g. a friend is an indirect object).
Some forms among these 28 coincide with one another and are marked with an asterisk in the Table 2 shoewing the number of person combinations in three-valence verbs. Only one form among the same forms is written without an asterisk.
Markers of subject persons are written with the bold style, markers of object persons with the bold italic underlined.
Transliteration
| 1 Object
Sing. (me) |
2 Object
Sing. (shen) |
3 Object
Sing. (mas) |
1 Object
Plural (chven) |
2 Object.Plur.
(tkven) |
3 Object
Plur. (mat) |
|
| 1 Subject Sing.
(me) |
//////////// | g-xat'av | v-xat'av | //////////// | g-xat'av-t* | v-xat'av* |
| 2 Subject
Sing.(shen) |
m-xat'av | //////////// | xat'av | gv-xat'av | //////////// | xat'av* |
| 3 Subject
Sing.(is) |
m-xat'av-s | g-xat'av-s | xat'av-s | gv-xat'av-s | g-xat'av-t* | xat'av-s* |
| 1 Subject
plural (chven) |
//////////// | g-xat'av-t | v-xat'av-t | //////////// | g-xat'av-t* | v-xat'av-t* |
| 2 Subject
plur. (tkven) |
m-xat'av-t | //////////// | xat'av-t | gv-xat'av-t | //////////// | xat'av-t* |
| 3 Subject
plur. (isini) |
m-xat'av-en | g-xat'av-en | xat'av-en | gv-xat'av-en | g-xat'av-en* | xat'av-en* |
Transliteration
| 1 Indirect Object
Sing. (me) |
2 Ind.Object
Sing. (shen) |
3 Ind.Object
Sing. (mas) |
1 Ind.Object
Plural (chven) |
2 Ind. Object.Plur.
(tkven) |
3 Ind.Object
Plur. (mat) |
|
| 1 Subject Sing.
(me) |
//////////// | g-igzavni | v-ugzavni | //////////// | g-igzavni-t* | v-ugzavni* |
| 2 Subject
Sing.(shen) |
m-igzavni | //////////// | ugzavni | gv-igzavni | //////////// | ugzavni* |
| 3 Subject
Sing.(is) |
m-igzavni-s | g-igzavni-s | ugzavni-s | gv-igzavni-s | g-igzavni-t* | ugzavni-s* |
| 1 Subject
plural (chven) |
//////////// | g-igzavni-t | v-ugzavni-t | //////////// | g-igzavni-t* | ugzavni-t* |
| 2 Subject
plur. (tkven) |
m-igzavni-t | //////////// | ugzavni-t | gv-igzavni-t | //////////// | ugzavni-t* |
| 3 Subject
plur. (isini) |
m-igzavni-an | g-igzavni-an | ugzavni-an | gv-igzavni-an | g-igzavni-an* | ugzavni-an* |
© Manana Kock Kobaidze & Karina Vamling